Parental testing is a vital knowledge to be known by parents. Two kinds of defects are known, chromosomal defects and structural defects. Prenatal testing varies from other medical tests with the focus not elimination of any disease but to eliminate the birth of the baby on any issues. The tests are;

• Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein
•  Ultrasound
• Amniocentesis

There lie’s both advantages and disadvantages in parental testing.
Advantages;

• Defects before the birth of the baby can be corrected.
  Few problems which can be rectified when the baby is in the womb can be found during parental testing. If the fetus is having the chance of genetic defect it can be corrected. 
• A choice is given to the parents.
  After the test, the parents have the choice to continue or terminate the pregnancy in case of any fetus disorder if detected. The future of the unborn can be decided.
• A chance for the parents to be prepared.
  The parents get to prepare for the consequence of the birth. They can learn more on how to deal with such a disorder or have a preparation on future care.
   

• Ethical
  If the fetus is verified to have a genetic abnormality, few parents choose abortion which is ethically wrong as per few religions.
• Psychological pressure on the parents
  Parents will be in a pressure with tremendous anxiety about the results. If the fetus is going to carry the mutation, parents at times tend to get confused.
• Expense
  This process is expensive. Parents are left with no choice as only few insurance companies come forward to cover the expenses.